FOUR SCHOOLS
Four Schools
Madhāhib (al-Madhāhib al-Arbaʿah)
Ḥanafī
Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit
d. 150 AH · c. 767 CE
A school deeply attentive to transmitted texts while giving considered space to qiyās and juristic reasoning.
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Mālikī
Mālik ibn ʾAnas
d. 179 AH · c. 795 CE
Rooted in the practice of the people of Madīnah as a living witness to the Sunnah and its applied fiqh.
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Shāfiʿī
Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī
d. 204 AH · c. 820 CE
Known for its systematic usūl and careful harmonising between textual evidence and derived principles.
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Ḥanbalī
Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal
d. 241 AH · c. 855 CE
Centred on the ḥadīth corpus and the transmitted narrations of the Salaf with great restraint in speculative reasoning.
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