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FOUR SCHOOLS
Madhāhibu-l-Fiqh (Schools of Jurisprudence)
Mālik ibn ʾAnas
d. 179 AH
Rooted in the practice of the people of Madīnah as a living witness to the Sunnah and its applied fiqh.
ʾAbū Ḥanīfah an-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit
d. 150 AH
A school deeply attentive to transmitted texts while giving considered space to qiyās and juristic reasoning.
Muḥammad ibn ʾIdrīs ash-Shāfiʿī
d. 204 AH
A Qurʾān-and-Sunnah centred school renowned for systematic usūl, textual fidelity, and the refined legal method of al-ʾImām ash-Shāfiʿī.
ʾAḥmad ibn Ḥanbal
d. 241 AH
Centred on the ḥadīth corpus and the transmitted narrations of the Salaf with great restraint in speculative reasoning.